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As of , he is the second longest consecutively serving current non-royal national leader in the world. After the country's nominal return to civilian rule in , he founded the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea PDGE in , which was the country's sole legal party until He has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the s.

Obiang was Chairperson of the African Union from to Obiang is regarded as an authoritarian leader.

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Under his rule, Equatorial Guinea continues to have one of the worst human rights records in the world. In marked contrast to the trend toward democracy in most of Africa, Equatorial Guinea is currently a dominant-party state , in which Obiang's PDGE holds virtually all governing power in the nation and has held all or almost all seats in the legislature since its creation.

The constitution provides Obiang sweeping powers, including the right to rule by decree , effectively making his government a legal dictatorship. He has also placed family members in key government positions. Obiang's parents emigrated from Gabon to avoid paying capitation taxes and take advantage of the good economic situation in Spanish Guinea.

A new Moroccan presidential guard was required to form the firing squad, because local soldiers feared his alleged magical powers. However, he made virtually no mention of his own role in the atrocities committed under it.

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The country nominally returned to civilian rule in , with the enactment of a slightly less authoritarian constitution. At the same time, Obiang was elected to a seven-year term as president ; he was the only candidate. He was sworn in on 12 October, the 14th anniversary of the country's independence from Spain. He was reelected in , again as the only candidate.